GO containing PHBHX bone scaffold: GO concentration and in vitro osteointegration

Abstract

Trauma, congenital abnormalities or cancer-induced bone defects can be treated with tissue engineering products. Graphene oxide-containing polymeric scaffolds are used as an artificial extracellular matrix, acting as an environment where cells can grow and turn into living tissues. In the presented study, primarily cytotoxicity of graphene oxide was determined depending on the concentration. According to the cytotoxicity results, two different scaffolds containing low and high concentrations of GO were prepared and usability in bone tissue engineering was examined. For this purpose, water uptake, in vitro degradation and mechanical properties of the scaffolds were determined. On the predetermined days, MC3T3 cells proliferation and ACTB, COL1A1, OCN, OPN, RUNX2 gene expression were determined. According to the results, MC3T3 cell proliferation was increased when the incubation time increased, and also, gene expression related to bone tissue formation was increased. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.