Advantage Study of Ferritin to D-Dimer Ratio to Differentiate Asymptomatic from Coronavirus Disease-2019 Patients

Abstract

Background: Several laboratory markers have been studied for use in diagnosis and assessing severity of COVID-19 at the time of clinical presentation. Aim: We seek to find the FDR relationship as a value for diagnosing the onset of Covid-19 disease for the purpose of starting to treat the patient early, at the cheapest cost and fastest diagnostic method. Methodology: We employed a model-based approach that led us to focus on D-dimer (DDM) and the ironstorage protein ferritin. Our model predicts the ratio of circulating ferritin level (ng/mL) and D-dimer (ng/mL), called the Ferritin/D-dimer ratio (FDR), it may help in early identification of patients with COVID-19. Results: A significant association was reported between advance age and severity of COVID-19 especial more than 55 years. These results demonstrate that older patients were at higher risk of developing COVID-19. The number of male patients exposed to infection is approximately 70% higher than the number of female patients. Comorbidities showed a significant correlation between severe, mild and moderate cases as compared with diabetes, hypertension and cardiac disease. There is a high prevalence of abnormal liver biochemical on presentation in patients with COVID-19. In light of the risk for additional injury due to the complications and management of moderate to severe disease, it is important to monitor hepatic enzymes during the course of disease. Conclusion: Through this study, it was observed that there is a significant correlation between the severity of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) and the ratio of these two biomarkers (F/DDM). Therefore, it has been proposed to use the ratio as one of the biomarkers for COVID-19 patients in order to better monitor the disease. Such preventive measures may significantly reduce the case fatality rate.