Evaluation of Occupational Eczema and Work-Related Risk Factors in Sea Fishers on the Mediterranean Coast of Turkey: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Eczema is one of the most prevalent occupational skin diseases, with sea fishers being particularly vulnerable due to their harsh working conditions. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of occupational eczema among fishers and identify risk factors contributing to its development. Methods: A total of 119 fishers participated in this cross-sectional study, which was conducted in a single center on the Mediterranean coast of Turkey. Data were collected using two instruments: a “General Characteristics of Fishers Form,” developed by the researchers based on relevant literature, and the Turkish version of the Nordic Occupational Skin Questionnaire-Long (NOSQ-2002/Long). Univariable analysis of eczema status was performed using the chi-square test, while a multivariable binary logistic regression model assessed the factors associated with eczema. Results: All participants were male, with a mean age of 40.13 (±11.62) years. The median daily working time was 15 (12–16) hours, and their median experience in fishing was 17 (10–25) years. The prevalence of eczema in the last six months was 52.9% (n = 63). Significant risk factors for eczema included being under 40 years of age, being married, poor health status, and having a family member who was a fisher. Conclusion: This study highlights the high prevalence of eczema among sea fishers and identifies work-related risk factors that contribute to its development. Future large-scale studies are recommended, along with preventive interventions to raise awareness and reduce the occurrence of occupational eczema.