Phytochemical Profile Analysis of Tomato Cultivars Based on Color and Size

Abstract

This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the phytochemical profiles of eight tomato cultivars differing in fruit color and size. The analysis encompassed the determination of mineral composition, hormone levels, organic acids, amino acids, sugars, lycopene, vitamin C, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity. The findings demonstrated that fruit color and size significantly influence the nutritional and phytochemical quality of tomato fruits. Red-colored and small-fruited cultivars, particularly Idolini and Confetto, exhibited higher levels of lycopene, vitamin C, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity. In contrast, yellow and orange-colored cultivars such as Maggino and Operino displayed lower acidity and higher sweetness. The large-fruited cultivar Siranzo showed lower levels of minerals and phytochemicals but offered a milder and sweeter flavor profile. Red cultivars generally had richer organic acid profiles, while yellow and orange types exhibited lower concentrations. The results suggest that small, red-colored tomatoes may be ideal for health-conscious consumers due to their high antioxidants and nutrient content. Meanwhile, yellow and orange cultivars suit consumers who prefer milder flavor profiles. These findings provide valuable insights for quality-oriented breeding strategies and informed cultivar selection in tomato production and marketing.