The Relationship Between Nail Findings and Cardiac Morbidity in Patients Visiting A Dermatology Clinic: A Prospective Study

Abstract

Recent research highlights that dermatological manifestations, particularly nail disorders, can serve as clinical indicators of underlying cardiovascular pathologie. This study aimed to elucidate the association between specific nail findings and cardiovascular morbidities, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease, heart failure, and valvular heart disease. A prospective observational study was conducted involving 103 patients who presented with nail disorders at dermatology clinics within a six-month interval. Data were systematically collected through comprehensive clinical examinations and review of medical records, encompassing demographic and clinical parameters. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to identify independent predictors of cardiovascular outcomes. The study cohort had a mean age of 47 ± 7.2 years, comprising 59% female and 41% male participants. Several nail disorders were identified as significant predictors of cardiovascular pathology. Specifically, the presence of Terry's nails was significantly associated with diabetes mellitus (OR = 5.23; 95% CI: 1.037–26.365, p = 0.045) and coronary artery disease (OR = 6.25; 95% CI: 1.685–23.168, p = 0.006). Muehrcke's lines emerged as significant predictors of heart failure (OR = 5.89; 95% CI: 1.663–20.831, p = 0.006), whereas the identification of red lunula was significantly correlated with valvular heart disease (OR = 4.76; 95% CI: 1.387–16.302, p = 0.013). Distinct nail disorders may serve as valuable clinical markers of underlying cardiovascular diseases. Dermatological assessments could, therefore, contribute to early detection and management of cardiovascular morbidity.